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World Civilizations (Luffman/Tan): Primary Sources

Primary sources are firsthand accounts or other sources from the historical era that you are studying. Examples include letters, speeches, diaries, and government documents such as laws. Primary sources can also include artifacts, artwork, buildings, or ruins.

To determine if something is a primary source or not, ask yourself:

  • Who made this?

  • When did they make it?

If it was not created by someone from your historical era, then it is not a primary source.

Primary Source Databases

The following databases contain primary sources from ancient and medieval history (database password list HERE):

Try these e-books:

  • Milestone Documents series

Primary Source Websites

The following websites contain primary sources from ancient and medieval history:

The British Museum
'Nuff said. Why travel around the world when most of its best stuff is in London?

The Internet Classics Archive - MIT
A collection of 441 classic texts, mostly from Greece and Rome.

Internet Ancient History Sourcebook - Fordham University
An extensive collection of primary sources from a variety of ancient civilizations. You may also want to look at their Medieval History Sourcebook, East Asian Sourcebook, Indian Sourcebook, and other collections.

LacusCurtius
This site, maintained by Bill Thayer and hosted by the University of Chicago, collects the full text of over 50 works by classical Greek and Roman authors.

Mesopotamia - The British Museum
This website was put together and maintained by the good folks at the British Museum. There are lots of pictures of artifacts and a good sense of Mesopotamian history, along with a sense of its archaeology. It is subdivided into sections on Assyria, Babylonia, and Sumer.

National Museum of the American Indian
The NMAI's Collections Search allows you to look through their extensive online collection of artifacts from tribes all across the Americas.

Perseus Digital Library - Tufts University
This website has online English translations of many classical Greek and Roman authors, among other articles on Greco-Roman antiquity.

Silk Road Seattle - University of Washington
This online exhibit contains both texts and artifacts from various cultures that interacted with each other along the Silk Road.

Timeline of Art History - Metropolitan Museum of Art
Good artifact & artwork collection backed up by essays on styles and cultures.

Primary Source Books

This list shows all the books in the Hassenfeld Library that contain primary sources from ancient and medieval history: